The Qur'an has been transmitted in several canonical readings (qirāʾāt). This page compares three of them word by word — Ḥafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣim (the base of our reader), Warsh ʿan Nāfiʿ, and Qālūn ʿan Nāfiʿ — and shows the genuine word-level (farsh) differences. ← back to the word-by-word reader
Ḥafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣim, the Kufan reading. The most widespread muṣḥaf today and the base text of this reader.
Warsh ʿan Nāfiʿ, from Madīna via the North-African tradition. Distinctive in its treatment of hamza, madd, and certain vowels.
Qālūn ʿan Nāfiʿ, the other main transmission from Nāfiʿ of Madīna, widespread in Libya. Close to Warsh but with its own farsh.
The three transmissions use different verse-count systems, so aligning by verse number is invalid. We align each sūrah on its consonantal skeleton (rasm) and compare the fully-voweled surface forms. A word is flagged only when its variant signature (letters + long vowels + hamza, with short-vowel marks removed) actually differs — so systematic notation differences are filtered out.
These recur mechanically across thousands of tokens; listing each would drown the genuine farsh, so they are described here and, where they surface a real word-level form, shown under the hamza/vowel classes.
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